Week 13: Rubies and Gold

Off and on rain this week didn't stop the birds, and we had a rather steady flow of migration throughout the last week of the season. Owl monitoring continues until the end of October; although it has been a low year, there are probably still a few on their way south!

Drizzly days meant lots of rainbows over Rocky! (David Bell)

At Pedder, the junco party continued with 56 individuals banded; topping the charts for the week and bringing us to a season total of 331, shattering the previous record of 264 set in 2016. Other top captures were Fox Sparrow (46) and Ruby-crowned Kinglet (39). Our first Swamp Sparrow, second Varied Thrush, and 7th, 8th and 9th Northern Flickers of the season were the other highlights for the week here. Surprisingly, the oldest bird of the week award went not to a sparrow, but to a Hermit Thrush originally banded here 17 Oct 2015 as a hatch-year, making it five years old!

Pedder's first and only Swamp Sparrow of 2020 (Rebecca Golat)

Up close and personal with an Anna's Hummingbird (David Bell)

An intergrade Northern Flicker - a good reminder that yellow shafts
do not always equal "Yellow-shafted"! (Liam Singh)

At Rocky, none of our volunteers will be surprised to learn that Ruby-crowned Kinglets were the top capture this week with 84 banded. Rounding out the top three were also crowned birds: Golden-crowned Kinglet (33) and Golden-crowned Sparrow (25). A single House Finch was our only new species for the year, but we also caught our second Sharp-shinned Hawk and third Townsend's Warbler of the season. Oldest recaps here were a Spotted Towhee banded in 2017 as a hatch-year (three years old now), and a Ruby-crowned Kinglet banded in 2018 as an after-hatch-year, making it at least three years old!

Ruby-crowned Kinglet showing off those orange feet (Liam Singh)

Varied Thrush (Liam Singh)

New arrivals for the season at Pedder were Golden Eagle (seen after standard period unfortunately!), Swamp Sparrow, Cackling Goose and Lapland Longspur, while Rocky added Lesser Scaup, Snow Goose, Golden Eagle, Ancient Murrelet, Black-legged Kittiwake and Cassin's Auklet - late fall has definitely arrived! There were still a few warblers hanging on this week, and there are still a few species yet to arrive that we missed for the season (Rough-legged Hawk, Northern Shrike, Snow Bunting to name a few), but overall migration is on its last legs for this year - just the waterfowl, gulls, seabirds and a few more wintering species left to arrive!

Pedder waterfall in fine form (Emma Radziul)

This juvenile Snow Goose kept us company on seawatch at
Rocky on our last day (David Bell)

Our non-avian highlights for this week were definitely topped by the return of the wolf pack. After mostly seeing the lone wolf and hearing distant howling all season, a total of nine(!) individuals were seen together on the 16th. I guess they know we are almost done for the year and are making their way back into 'our' space. Near-daily sightings of Humpbacks were the other main highlight of the week. Surprisingly this season went by with very few bear sightings - only two or three at each station; compare that with the 'herds' we usually get feasting on acorns daily in October!

A buck heralding the dawn on the Pedder hill (David Bell)

As mentioned, owl monitoring goes until the end of the month; so far our nocturnal banders have caught around 500 Northern Saw-whet Owls, five Barred Owls and a single Long-eared Owl! Let's hope the owls keep moving through on these colder nights.

Finally, a huge thank-you to all of our volunteers, the RPBO board members and my fellow banders for making this another great season! Despite reduced staffing due to the ongoing pandemic we managed to have quite a smooth season, with above-average numbers of birds at both stations. If the table below doesn't work for you, we ended up with 3622 banded at Rocky Point and 3257 at Pedder Bay for the 2020 season.

Fall colours at the end of Migration! (Donna Talluto)

 

Rocky Point	Oct 13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th		Total
Banded	43	61	66	21	56	25		272
Species banded	15	13	19	7	14	10		26
Recap	6	9	14	1	9	8		47
Species recap	5	5	7	1	6	7

Pedder Bay	Oct 13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th		Total
Banded	20	37	56	21	48	27		209
Species banded	8	9	14	8	10	9		20
Recap	5	13	8	5	17	9		56
Species recap	4	6	5	4	7	4

 

(click to enlarge)

Week 12: Storm's a'Brewin

 

The second last week of banding featured mornings filled with the song of Varied Thrush and bird bags full of kinglets. The weather was a mixed bag with multiple days of volunteers braving the wind and rain to deliver some precious birds.

Brewer's Blackbird, a RPBO first! (David Bell)

Banding Highlights

While there were not an overwhelming number of birds at Rocky Point, a season and station first arrived with the fall weather.  A total of 97 Ruby-crowned Kinglets were banded, the closest competitor being Pine Siskin at 24. The week included the first record Brewer’s Blackbird for RPBO's migration program, a after-hatch-year female caught in net 2. It also featured the first Swamp Sparrow of the year. A late season Hutton’s vireo and Yellow Warbler also made an appearance. In total 246 birds were banded bringing the season total for Rocky Point to 3350.

Swamp Sparrow (David Bell)

Pedder Bay saw similar conditions with 46 Ruby-crowned Kinglets being the most banded bird. Close behind was Fox Sparrows at 38 and Oregon Juncos at 28. Two Northern Flickers made their way into the nets along with one Steller’s Jay. Three White-Throated Sparrows and three Myrtle Warblers were also banded. In total 214 birds were banded bringing the season total to 3048.

Great Horned Owl giving Dave the "eye"(David Bell)

A week of mostly usual migrants, species to note include a late Western Tanager frequenting Pedder Bay, Sandhill Cranes at both stations and a Bobolink flyover at Pedder Bay on the 12th. The Blue Jay was also located once more on the 7^th at Rocky Point. Pedder Bay also had two Lesser Scaups which were new for the season. Raptor migration continues with reduced but still large numbers of Turkey Vultures and Red-tailed Hawks at both stations.

Long-eared Owl! (Jannaca Chick)

The owl crew was pleasantly surprised one evening when the “Barred Owl” found in net 5 at Rocky Point turned out to be a Long-eared Owl! The second banding record for Rocky Point. The bird was a hatch-year male and a welcome addition to the night. Owl branded toques, a gift from Tania Tripp will soon be available for $20 to keep the chills off on those long nights waiting for owls in the dark….stay tuned.

Donna, Ann N, and Emma wearing the new owl hats

Sparrows and Kinglets - Oh my!

Sparrows and Kinglets - Oh my!

RPBO Weekly Summary, Week 11 - Sept 28th to October 5th 

What could convince you to get outside while the stars are still out and the moon in still up? 

(photo credit: David Bell) 

    Fall migration bird monitoring, of course!

   Calling first might be the thrushes and the Towhees from the bushes. As the sun comes up, on the wind you will hear the whistled songs of Golden-crowned Sparrows and Fox Sparrows. The jit-jit of Ruby Crowned Kinglets will tick from the bushes, and the tinkling of Golden-crowned Kinglets will be heard overhead. 

    The White-crowned sparrows and American Goldfinch that bread at our sites have moved on and now are seen and caught in smaller numbers. What vagrant might you see? Our most uncommon bird seen this week was a Blue Jay, heard and photographed, but not caught and banded, at Rocky Point.

Sneaky Blue Jay (photo credit: Rebecca Reader-Lee)

     Week 11 at saw an influx of migratory and over wintering sparrows. At RP, our most banded sparrow this week was the Spotted Towhee (69), followed by the Golden-crowned sparrow (33), then the Song Sparrow (25). At PB, the most banded sparrow was the Oregon Junco (85), followed by the Fox Sparrow (56) and Golden-crowned Sparrow (40). 

    High numbers of Ruby-crowned Kinglets (99 - RP, 55 - PB), Yellow-rumped Warblers (38 - RP, 18 - PB) and Pacific Wrens (23 - RP, 14 - PB) round off our most-banded birds this week. 

    Still sticking around, we enjoyed our last-of-the-season Yellow Warblers and Orange-crowned Warblers in the nets, and we observed some Townsends and Wilson's, in addition to some last of the migrating Swainson's Thrushes, House Wrens, Pacific-slope Flycatchers, and Violet Green Swallows.

    Large flocks of Pine Siskins criss-crossed our sites and came down from the skies occasionally to feed. Varied Thrush and Steller's Jays became more common visitors to our sites. 

Hutton's Vireo (photo credit: Emma Radziul)

    "It's a big kinglet?!?" .. Nope, a Hutton's Vireo! Note it's larger size, characteristic hooked bill, large and prominent head, and thick grey/blue legs, in addition to the different behaviors of this species in the field. 

Now that's a kinglet (photo credit: Emma Radziul)

    Identifying Yellow-rumped Warbler to subspecies kept our banders and volunteers on their toes this week. There were even 4 Intregrade Yellow-rumped Warblers showing a mix of characteristics of both subspecies caught in the nets. 

    This week has shown us it's a good year to see and hear White-throated Sparrow in our area, having banded a season total thus far of 11 at Rocky Point and 6 at Pedder Bay. Previous max records were 12 at RP (average is 5 WTSP per year) and 11 at PB (average is 5 per year). 

    Magnificent displays of Turkey Vultures have been seen, with numbers in the hundreds intermittently seen from Pedder Bay, and numbers regularly upwards of 1000 this week at Rocky Point. Mixed in to these kettles have been Broad-winged Hawks and other buteos, accipters and falcons. 

Turkey Vultures peppering the sky (photo credit: Rebecca Reader-Lee)

Red-tailed Hawk (photo credit: Rebecca Reader-Lee)

Broad-winged Hawk and Turkey Vulture (photo credit: Rebecca Reader-Lee)

These raptors sometimes are seen low to the ground, hunting, and occasionally getting caught in the nets! This week, RP banded one Cooper's Hawk and one Sharp-shinned Hawk, much to the delight of all present.

Cooper's Hawk banding (photo credit: David Bell) 

    Another crowd favorite has been the Sandhill Cranes, observed daily this week at Rocky Point and beautifully photographed by Cathy Reader. 

Sandhill Cranes coming in for a landing (photo credit: Cathy Reader) 

Northern Saw-whet Owl banding has seen some great nights this week, with the busiest night having caught 37 owls at a single site.

Norther Saw-whet Owl (photo credit: Rebecca Golat) 

     So if you're thinking of signing up for owls (which ends this month on the 31st) or passerines (which ends on the 18th), don't miss out, there are still some shifts to sign up for on When To Help. See you out there, whether it be for an early morning or a late night. Let's make the very end of the season a good one.

Beautiful misty morning at Pedder Bay by the inlet (photo credit: David Bell)

Week 10 - Full of birds after the rain

The smoke has let the rain take over this week. It’s been great to be able to breathe again (though some directed burning are going to take place in the near future on the DND lands). It’s the “kettling season” now and we enjoyed watching hundreds of Turkey Vultures dancing in the sky mimicked something by the Common Raven and joined by others raptors as Red-Tailed Hawks, Cooper’s Hawks, Sharped-Shinned Hawks and Broad-winged hawks.

Emma sea watching in Rocky Point (Pic: David Bell)

Tuesday morning, a Clay Colored Sparrow was observed in Rocky Point for the delight of all the crew presents while we were watching Snow Geese flying over Pedder Bay. It was also a nice “owly” morning with 4 Great Horned Owls chatting with 3 Barred Owls while a Short Eared Owl flew over the road while the crew was coming in the station of Rocky Point. Pedder also had 3 Great Horned Owls and a Barred Owl in the same time.

Wednesday was poured with rain. The Pedder crew was washed with the rain before census ended while we tried longer in Rocky Point and ended up the morning with 16 birds banded and a total of 79 species observed.

The rain on Thursday was concentrated in a short period of time while both stations got flooded and the nets were closed with the crews sheltered while socially distancing.

The big “Oak bear” was seen checking his favorite tree in RP to get his annual feast before the sleeping season.

We started the day on Friday a bit later as the rain didn’t allow us to open the nets on time. It was a good day to watch the geese flying over both stations and to look for frogs ! More than 600 Greater White Fronted Goose flew over RP. The rain was on and off all day, we were opening then closing nets again … we ended up the day with 8 new bands in RP and 3 in PB.

On Saturday, the crew in Pedder Bay got to see a Slate-colored Junco and compared it with the usual Oregon subspecies we are used to observed on the West Coast.

Sunday was our busiest day in both station with a lot of Fox Sparrows in our nets and around the stations. 41 were banded in Pedder Bay and 15 in Rocky Point. We also seen a lot of Yellow rumped around and an intergrade was banded in Pedder Bay on Monday. It was good to end up the week with good weather and plenty of birds to keep us busy. 

In Rocky Point, we had interesting recatures this week: a White-Crowned Sparrow originally banded as an adult in 2016, a Fox-Sparrow from 2016, a Spotted Towhee from 2018, a Common Yellowthroat from 2017, a Chestnut Backed Chickadee from 2018 and 2 Song Sparrows from 2019. And in Pedder Bay, we recaptured a Purple Finch from 2016, a few Song and Fox Sparrows from 2017 and 2019. 

This week, Emma got to band her first Steller's Jay in Rocky Point.

Slate colored Junco (Pic: David Bell)

A lot of Golden Crowned Kinglet banded this week in both stations (Pic: Rick Hardy)

An intergrade Yellow-rumped Warbler showing features of both Myrtle and Audubon (Pic: David Bell)

Week 9 - Cheers, to 100K subs

With the clearing of the smoke, migration is back in full swing! We had a few busy days at the stations this week, as is standard for our migration peak, and a few not-so-busy days. On the first day of the week, the smoke was bad enough at Pedder to warrant an early closure, with the result that only a single bird was banded that day. Thankfully the situation improved through the week and by Friday we had clear skies once more.

Smoke and fog at Rocky Point (David Bell)

At Pedder, things really were better for most of the week (excluding the closure day), with fairly consistent numbers of birds in the nets. The station got its first Northern Flicker (a nice Red-shafted), Steller's Jay, White-throated Sparrow and "Audubon's" Warblers of the season, boosting our species totals nicely. The top three for the "week of sparrows" were Fox Sparrow (59), "Oregon" Junco (49) and Golden-crowned Sparrow (43), together making up almost 40% of our catch for the week. Our oldest recapture for the week here was a male Bushtit banded as a hatch-year in July 2018, making him just over two years old.

White-throated Sparrow (Rebecca Reader-Lee)

At Rocky, the birds were much more hit-or-miss, and the relatively low number of recaptures shows there was high turnover this week at the site. After a fairly slow (and smoky) start to the week, the floodgates opened on the 18th; after a massive overnight movement in smoke-free skies we banded 167 individuals - merely a fraction of the birds that were on site that day for a truly incredible migration experience! Interestingly this is the exact same daily total as 18 Sep 2019, when we had a large fallout of sparrows after several days of rain. New for the season at the site were Steller's Jay, Varied Thrush, White-throated Sparrow, "Myrtle" Warbler, and the highlight of the week - a Dusky Flycatcher, our 9th banding record. Top captures were Savannah Sparrow (56; 39 of those in one day!), Lincoln's Sparrow (47) and Golden-crowned Sparrow (45), as Rocky also got in on the sparrow action. Rocky also claimed the 'oldest bird of the week' award (despite a lower number of overall recaptures), with a "Puget Sound" White-crowned Sparrow that was originally banded as an after-hatch-year in September 2016, making it at least five years old!

Dusky Flycatcher! (Rebecca Golat)

All those birds just from one net run on our busy day! (David Bell)

Radar image at ~3am on the 18th - this is what many thousands of birds in the air at once looks like, and is a good indication we'll be swamped the next day (rain band on left of image in yellow)

One highlight of the week was that RPBO unofficially hit our 100,000th bird banded during standard fall passerine monitoring! This number was figured out by adding together the season totals from past annual reports, so may or may not be exact, but it was fun to count down over the course of the week. The milestone bird was a "Puget Sound" White-crowned Sparrow banded by Donna on the 21st at Rocky, just before net closing.

Pier with a Steller's Jay (Donna Talluto)

The board at Pedder has some new deco's courtesy of Liam (David Bell)

New arrivals for the week at Pedder were a White-throated Sparrow on the 19th and a surprise Wood Duck on the 20th. The Wood Duck was a first record for the site and the 200th species for the eBird hotspot, although a few of those have only been recorded on boat trips - if you're reading this and have one of those lists, please change it to the boating hotspot! Rocky added Wood Duck, Blue-winged Teal, Short-eared Owl, Caspian Tern, Herring Gull, White-throated Sparrow and Townsend's Solitaire for more expected species, along with Least Flycatcher, Bobolink (2nd site record) and Blackpoll Warbler (3rd site record) as rarities. Some other nice sightings for the week were multiple Brown Pelicans and Broad-winged Hawks, the continuing Gray Catbird and Ruffed Grouse, and a Dusky Flycatcher outside the nets - surprisingly not the same individual that was banded the following day!

Spotted Towhee giving Rebecca the eye (Rebecca Golat)

Our Northern Saw-whet Owl monitoring program also kicked off on the 15th. It has been a bit of a slow start to the season, but so far they have banded 14 owls at Rocky and 10 at Pedder Bay during the first six nights.

Making mint tea - owl banders, take note! (Donna Talluto)

Pedder Bay	Sep 15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st	Total
Banded	1	70	70	92	34	68	52	387
Species banded	1	17	17	22	16	20	17	35
Recap	0	15	14	7	12	16	6	44
Species recap	0	10	10	6	6	7	5	19

Rocky Point	Sep 15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st	Total
Banded	18	50	38	167	47	44	43	407
Species banded	10	14	18	22	16	15	12	31
Recap	8	4	3	3	3	9	2	32
Species recap	7	4	3	3	3	6	2	15

(click to enlarge)

Week 8 - "Is that a bird?" -- Trying to see through the smoke

 

Week 8 - "Is that a bird?" 

Trying to see through the smoke. A weekly RPBO summary from Sept 8 to 14, 2020

Smoke drifting north from wildfires in Washington and Oregon started to affect us at the beginning of our banding week, dissipated mid-week, and returned at the end of the week.

From Sept 8^th to Sept 14th, we banded on average 52 new birds per day at Pedder Bay, and we banded on average 33 new birds per day at Rocky Point.

Compared to the historical average (from 2012 to 2019) of numbers of new birds banded per day, this is exactly on average for Rocky Point, and is 30% more than average for Pedder Bay.

Our year to date totals at the end of the week were 1727 birds for Pedder Bay, and 1929 at Rocky Point. This represents a 15% increase over the average (from 2012-2019) year to date at this point at Pedder Bay, and a 12% increased over the average at Rocky Point.

Tuesday

This was our first day of smoke. Confusion was afoot – what was going on?! Visibility was reduced from our normal >5km to 0.5km to 1km.

 

            

Normally There’s Water Out Here (photo credit: Rebecca Reader-Lee)

          

Into the Smoke (photo credit: Rebecca Reader-Lee)

Emma got to continue her hummingbird banding – banding both a late-migration Rufous Hummingbird (HY male), and an Anna’s Hummingbird (HY male). A HY Red-breasted Sapsucker was found in the net and was banded then returned to the nets for a second time.

Red-breasted Sapsucker (photo credit: Rebecca Golat)

A Mute Swan was observed at Pedder bay this day, then this probably this individual was seen by David Bell at Witty's Lagoon booking it north along the shore. 

On Tuesday, only ONE Lincoln’s Sparrow was banded at RP, and 5 at PB, readying us for the explosion of numbers of LISP around and in the nets that would hit later in the week.

Our ET numbers were boosted by incoming kinglets and sparrows, while some migratory warblers were still around. Very reduced numbers of flycatchers were present.

A Sabine’s Gull was seen while sea-watching at Rocky Point by Mike McGrenere on Tuesday.

Wednesday

The smoke was largely gone. Rocky Point had an excellent ET of 112 species on this day!  Highlights observed include: Lapland Longspur (2), Bank Swallow (1), Ruffed Grouse, Bonaparte’s, Iceland, and Sabine’s Gulls. The Grey Catbird continues in the front meadow.

Banding highlights include: a Sharp-shinned Hawk banded by Rebecca at Pedder Bay.

Sharp-Shinned Hawk (photo credit: Rebecca Golat)

A good variety of raptors low to the ground (9 different species between the two sites) were seen this day, including at least 9 individual Northern Harriers in the area, 7 were seen hunting in the meadows at RP (and two on the hill at Pedder during the same time).

Thursday

Barely visibly detectable smoke and mostly clear weather continued for Thursday. We enjoyed a clear birdy day.

Emma banded her first raptors ever – luckily with the experienced help of Jannaca and Ann N who were volunteering that day. A HY female Cooper’s Hawk was found by Michael N in net 2 after two juveniles were hunting together (making interested juvenile vocalizations) in the front field, then Jannaca found a Barred Owl in net 6 *on the same net round* when she checked the net.

Collaboratively Banding a Cooper’s Hawk (photo credit: Jannaca Chick)

Holding a Barred Owl like a Baby (photo credit: Jannaca Chick)

Lincoln’s Sparrow numbers banded increased a lot – this was the most commonly banded bird today at RP (22) and PB (34)

Lot’s of Vaux’s Swifts continued to be observing flying over – 312 individuals were ET’d at PB.

Friday & Saturday

Smoke unfortunately returned both days, reducing visibility.

Harrier in the Smoke (photo credit: Ann Nightingale)

All banders and volunteers became excited, the disappointed, when multiple times per day Northern Harriers were seen awfully close to the front nets, even bouncing out of net 2 as observed by Rebecca G and team!!! NOHA has moved to the top of the list for most wanted bird by some banders.

    Our first Audubon's Yellow-rumped Warbler was banded by Rebecca G. 

          

Audubon's Yellow-Rumped Warbler (photo credit: Rebecca Golat)

Increased numbers of Golden-crowned Sparrows, Fox Sparrows, and kinglets started to hit the nets. We banded our first Gambel’s White-crowned Sparrow of the season. David took these photos to illustrate the difference between Gambel’s White-crowned (first), and our Puget Sound White-crowned Sparrow (second)

Gambel's White-crowned Sparrow (photo credit: David Bell)

Puget Sound White-crowned Sparrow (photo credit: David Bell)

"Notice the grey face of the GWCS, it's pink-orange bill, reddish back streaks, and more reddish/light colored crown, plus lack of bold dark malar stripes. The PSWS has a brown face, yellow-orange bill, darker brown back streaking and crown, plus a dark malar." - David Bell describes. Well put! We will keep our eyes out for GWCS. 

Another QUIZ to keep you learning! Whose feather is this?

Mystery feather (photo credit: Rebecca G)­

Answer: Sandhill Crane. ­Sandhill Cranes were seen in the front and back meadows on Friday, and they left a gift of one of their feathers, found on Saturday.

Sunday & Monday

            Continued dense smoke surrounded us at both sites, although perhaps a little less on Monday than the past three day.

            Horrible visibility was created especially on Sunday, with a combination of smoke and fog coming off the water making visibility go from 0.5km to 0.1km to 0.2km as the day progressed.

            Ann N and Rebecca R-L amused us by taking photos then trying to get us to ID the birds in them. Can you do it?

What bird is this? (photo credit: Ann Nightingale and Rebecca Reader-Lee)

            Answers (in order): Kingfisher, Pileated Woodpecker, American Robin, Turkey Vulture, and Common Raven.

            RCKI and GCKI’s have started to trickle into the nets in small numbers – more to come in the coming weeks.

            Golden-crowned Sparrows were finally present in good numbers in the nets at with  5, 4, and 4 the final days of the week at Rocky Point, and 5, 10, and 17 at Pedder Bay.

Comparison of an AHY GCSP (first picture) and a HY individual (second picture) (photo credit: Emma Radziul)

Comparison of an AHY SPTO (first picture) and a HY individual (second picture). (photo credit: Emma Radziul)

            On the Spotted Towhee, note the increased contrast between the brown flight feathers/primary coverts and the dark greater covers in the HY individual, and the more uniformly dark flight feathers, primary coverts and greater covers in the AHY individual 

A note about the smoke:

Rocky Point Bird observatory wants to prioritize the health and safety of our volunteers and banders. We thank all the volunteers and banders who have been with us this smoky week and understand about those who cannot be out with us.

On certain days with very poor air quality and extremely increased risk for health complications, RPBO Banders will cancel banding. This will occur after meeting together in the morning on site.

Thank you all! Stay safe and keep your eyes on the birds!

 

	Pedder Bay
	08-Sep	09-Sep	10-Sep	11-Sep	12-Sep	13-Sep	14-Sep
Banded	29	29	77	37	59	66	69
Species	18	14	17	14	19	18	16
Recap	13	1	6	8	14	19	26
Species	5	1	5	8	8	10	8

	Rocky Point
	08-Sep	09-Sep	10-Sep	11-Sep	12-Sep	13-Sep	14-Sep
Banded	14	41	46	34	75	21	16
Species	7	9	13	18	20	13	8
Recap	2	5	4	1	6	8	4
Species	2	3	3	1	4	6	3